Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2018 | |||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||
| Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
1. Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and include the accounts of Milestone Scientific and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, including, Wand Dental (wholly owned), Milestone Advanced Cosmetic (majority owned) and Milestone Medical (majority owned). Milestone Education is a variable interest entity of which Milestone Scientific is the primary beneficiary and is consolidated into Milestone Scientific's financial statements. All significant, intra-entity transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.
|
||||||
| Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
2. Basis of Presentation The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Milestone Scientific have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information with the instructions for Form
10Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) necessary to fairly present such interim results. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations which may be expected for a full year or any subsequent period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in Milestone Scientific's Annual Report on Form 10 -K. |
||||||
| Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
3. ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the
2017 financial statements to conform to the condensed consolidated 2018 financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net loss or cash flows as previously reported. |
||||||
| Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
4. Revenue RecognitionUnder ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To perform revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps:(i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606.
The Company derives its revenues from the sale of its products, primarily dental instruments, handpieces, and other related products. The Company sells its products through a global distribution network and that includes both exclusive and non-exclusive distribution agreements with third parties.Revenue from product sales are recognized upon transfer of control of a product to a customer, generally upon date of shipment. For certain arrangements where the shipping terms are FOB destination, revenue is recognized upon delivery. The Company has no obligation on product sales for any installation, set-up or maintenance, these being the responsibility of the buyer. Milestone Scientific's only obligation after sale is the normal commercial warranty against manufacturing defects if the alleged defective unit is returned within the warranty period.Sales Returns We generally do not accept non-defective returns from our customers. Product returns under warranty are accepted, evaluated and repaired or replaced in accordance with the Company’s warranty policy. Returns not within the warranty policy are evaluated and the customer is charged for repair.Financing and Payment Our payment terms differ by geography and customer, but payment is generally required within 90 days from the date of shipment or delivery.Disaggregation of Revenue We operate in
two operating segments: dental and medical. Therefore, results of our operations are reported on a consolidated basis for purposes of segment reporting, consistent with internal management reporting see Note 12 for revenues by geographical market, based on the customer’s location, and product category for the three months ended March 31, 2018
|
||||||
| Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
5.Variable Interest EntitiesA variable interest entity ("VIE") is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If Milestone Scientific determines that it has operating power and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits, Milestone Scientific consolidates the VIE as the primary beneficiary. Milestone Scientific’s involvement constitutes power that is most significant to the entity when it has unconstrained decision-making ability over key operational functions within the entity. Milestone Scientific became the primary beneficiary of Milestone Education as of January 2017. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of Milestone Education are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.Because Milestone Scientific had an increasing variable interest in Milestone China, it considered the guidance in ASC 810, “Consolidation” as it relates to determining whether Milestone China is a VIE and, if so, identifying the primary beneficiary. As Milestone China’s equity at risk and voting rights were not proportional to their economic interest, Milestone China was determined to be a VIE. Milestone Scientific would be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE if it has both of the following characteristics:
Milestone management does
not have the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact Milestone China's economics and, therefore, the power criterion has not been met. Management placed the most weight on the relationship and significance of activities of Milestone China to the majority shareholder/CEO of Milestone China. As majority shareholder, majority holder of voting rights, and the active CEO, the 53% investor has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Milestone China. Management has concluded that Milestone Scientific is not the primary beneficiary under ASC 810. Accordingly, Milestone China has not been consolidated into the financial statements of Milestone Scientific and continues to be accounted for under the equity method |
||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
6. Cash and Cash EquivalentsMilestone Scientific considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of
three months or less to be cash equivalents. |
||||||
| Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
7. Accounts ReceivableMilestone Scientific sells a significant amount of its product on credit terms to its major distributors. Milestone Scientific estimates losses from the inability of its customers to make payments on amounts billed. Most of credit sales are due within
90 days from invoicing. There have not been any significant credit losses incurred to date. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts receivable was recorded, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,000.
|
||||||
| Finance, Loans and Leases Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
8. Note ReceivableMilestone Scientific values note receivable at historic cost less amount paid against principle. Milestone Scientific estimates losses on the note-based payments and credit quality of the debtor.
|
||||||
| Standard Product Warranty, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
9. Product Return and WarrantyMilestone Scientific generally does
not accept non-defective returns from its customers. Product returns under warranty are accepted, evaluated and repaired or replaced in accordance with the Company’s warranty policy. Returns not within the warranty policy are evaluated and the customer is charged for the repair. |
||||||
| Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
10. InventoriesInventories principally consist of finished goods and component parts stated at the lower of cost (
first -in, first -out method) or net realizable value. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a quarterly basis and a provision for excess, slow moving, and obsolete inventory is recorded based on past and expected future sales, potential technological obsolescence and product expiration requirements. As of March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, inventory was recorded net of allowance for slow moving inventory of approximately $220,000.
|
||||||
| Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block] |
11. Equity Method InvestmentsInvestments in which Milestone Scientific can exercise significant influence, but do
not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in the noncurrent assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under this method of accounting, Milestone Scientific's share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is presented below the income tax line on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Milestone Scientific evaluates its equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. |
||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
12. Furniture, Fixture and Equipment Equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from
two to seven years. The costs of maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. |
||||||
| Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
13. Intangible Assets – Patents and Developed TechnologyPatents are recorded at cost to prepare and file the applicable documents with the US Patent Office, or internationally with the applicable governmental office in the respective country. The costs related to these patents are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patent. Patents and other developed technology acquired from another business entity will be amortized at the estimated average useful life of the patent. These patents and developed technology are recorded at the acquisition cost. Patent defense costs, to the extent applicable, are expensed as incurred. Patent applications filed, and patents obtained in foreign countries are subject to the laws and procedures that differ from those in the United States. Patent protection in foreign countries
may be different from patent protection under United States laws and may
not be favorable to Milestone Scientific. Milestone Scientific also attempts to protect the proprietary information using confidentiality agreements and by limiting access to its facilities. There can be no assurance that the program of patents, confidentiality agreements and restricted access to the facilities will be sufficient to protect the proprietary technology. |
||||||
| Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
14. Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsAs of
March 31, 2018, Milestone Scientific has reviewed long-lived assets for any impairments. The carrying value of the assets is evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets when an impairment indicator or triggering event occurs. Milestone Scientific adjusts the net book value of an underlying asset if its fair value is determined to be less than its net book value. There have been no impairment indicators or triggering events and therefore, there were no impairments as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
|
||||||
| Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
15. Shipping and Handling CostsShipping and handling costs, if any, are paid by or billed to customers at the time of shipments. Domestic and international shipments are FOB warehouse; therefore,
no costs are incurred by Milestone Scientific. |
||||||
| Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
16. Research and DevelopmentResearch and development costs, which consist principally of new product development costs payable to
third parties, are expensed as incurred. Advance payments for the research are amortized to expense either as services are performed or over the relevant service period using the straight-line method. |
||||||
| Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
17. Income TaxesMilestone Scientific accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be computed for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
|
||||||
| Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
18. Basic and diluted net loss per common shareMilestone Scientific presents “basic” earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders and, if applicable, “diluted” earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders pursuant to the provisions of ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and to be issued during each period. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share is like that of basic earnings per common share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, and the conversion of debt were issued during the period.Since Milestone Scientific had net losses for
2018 and 2017, the assumed effects of the exercise of potentially dilutive outstanding stock options and warrants were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Such outstanding options and warrants totaled 3,510,335 and 3,710,335 at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
||||||
| Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
19. Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, and cash flow assumptions regarding evaluations for impairment of long-lived assets and going concern considerations, and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates
.
|
||||||
| Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
20. Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsFair Value Measurements: Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market at the measurement date (exit price). We are required to classify fair value measurements in one of the following categories:● Level 1 inputs which are defined as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.● Level 2 inputs which are defined as inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly.● Level 3 inputs are defined as unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities.Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of an input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and
may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. |
||||||
| Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] |
21. Stock-Based Compensation Milestone Scientific accounts for stock-based compensation under ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”. ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as expense over the requisite service period as an operating expense, based on the grant-date fair values.The fair value of the non-employee options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. In accordance with the provisions of ASC
505, Milestone Scientific will re-measure the value of the grant at each presentation date unless there is a significant disincentive for non-performance or until performance has been rendered. For the three months March 31, 2018 and 2017, Milestone Scientific recognized approximately $4,000 of expense, and $17,100 of income related to non-employee options, respectively. |
||||||
| New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] |
22. Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014 -09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606 )” (ASC 606 ). The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The key focus of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted this new standard as of January 1, 2018 by using the modified-retrospective method.In connection with the adoption, we performed a review of our existing revenue arrangements as of January 1, 2018 following the five -step model outlined in ASC 606.
Based on our analysis, there were no changes identified that impacted the amount or timing of revenues recognized under the new guidance as compared to the previous guidance. Additionally, our analysis indicated that there were no changes to how costs to obtain and fulfill our customer contracts would be recognized under the new guidance as compared to the previous guidance.In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016 -02, “Leases (Topic 842 )”. This ASU requires lessees to recognize a right of use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our consolidated balance sheets, results of operations and financial condition.In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016 -15, "Statement Cash Flows “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (Topic 230 ). The new standard provides guidance as to the conformity of presentation of certain cash receipts and disbursements. The Company adopted this standard during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017 -09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718 ). The new standard provides guidance and clarity for modification to equity-based compensation programs. The Company adopted this standard during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.In
February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018 -02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220 )”, which amends the previous guidance to allow for certain tax effects “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income, which are impacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”), to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into retained earnings. This amendment pertains only to those items impacted by the new tax law and will not apply to any future tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and allows for early adoption. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. |